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Item Carbapenem Resistance in Clonally Distinct Clinical Strains of Vibrio fluvialis Isolated from Diarrheal Samples(Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2025-01-09) Chowdhury, Goutam; Pazhani, Gururaja Perumal; Sarkar, Anirban; Rajendran, Krishnan; Mukhopadhyay, Asish K.; Bhattacharya, Mihir K.; Ghosh, Amit; Ramamurthy, Thandavarayan RCarbapenems have been used for many years to treat severe nosocomial Enterobacteriaceae infections. The spread of resistance to these drugs among other bacterial families is an emerging problem worldwide, mostly caused by New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM-1). We screened for the prevalence of NDM-1–expressing enteric pathogens from hospitalized patients with acute diarrhea in Kolkata, India, and identified 27 Vibrio fluvialis–harboring blaNDM-1 (NDMVF) strains. These isolates were also resistant to all the tested antimicrobial drugs except doxycycline. The large plasmid of V. fluvialis harboring blaNDM-1 could be easily transferred to other enteric pathogens. Genes flanking the blaNDM-1 were found to be identical to the reported sequence from an Escherichia coli isolate. Analyses showed that the V. fluvialis possessing the NDM-VF region belonged to different clones. The pathogenicity of V. fluvialis to humans and its ubiquitous presence in the environment call for constant monitoring of this species for emerging antimicrobial drug resistance.Item Overview on the New Delhi Metallo- -Lactamase (NDM)-producers(2025-01-09) Ghosh, Amit; Sarkar, Anirban; CHOWDHURY, GOUTAM; PAZHANI, GURURAJA PERUMAL; RAMAMURTHY, THANDAVARAYANNew -lactamases with ever-broadening substrate specificity are disseminating rapidly all over the world. In the recent years, extent of resistance of human pathogens to -lactam antibiotics is increasing due to the emergence of “new” carbapenemase-producers. New Delhi metallo- -lactamase (NDM) is the latest carbapenemase, detected for the first time during 2008, in bacteria isolated from patients epidemiologically linked to the Indian subcontinent. Apart from carbapenems, NDM-producers are often resistant to other clinically useful antimicrobials such as aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones. Although the main type of NDM is NDM-1, nine variants have been identified till to date. NDM enzymes have been detected mainly in genetically heterogeneous members of the Enterobacteriaceae family and recently in non-fermenters and Vibrionaceae. The gene blaNDM-1 is located on plasmids of heterogeneous nature of varying sizes and is transferable to a wide range of microbes. Although several methods for the detection of NDM-producers exist, modified Hodge test and the detection of blaNDM-1 by PCR are generally used. Antimicrobials polymyxins (colistin) and glycylcyclines (tigecyclines) show promising activity against NDM-producers in vitro, but there is dispute on their clinical use for safety issues. For preventing the spread of NDM-producers, it is essential to have proper surveillance system in place and for its containment, emphasis should be on research to develop new and safe antimicrobials active against these bugs. In this review, an overview of all these aspects has been presented.Item Deubiquitination in prostate cancer progression: role of USP22(J Cancer Metastasis Treat, 2025-01-04) Dutta, Samikshan; Nag, NiveditaProstate cancer (PCa) is the leading cause of cancer death in men. With more therapeutic modalities available, the overall survival in PCa has increased significantly in recent years. Patients with relapses after advanced second- generation anti-androgen therapy however, often show poor disease prognosis. This group of patients often die from cancer-related complicacies. Multiple approaches have been taken to understand disease recurrence and to correlate the gene expression profile. In one such study, an 11-gene signature was identified to be associated with PCa recurrence and poor survival. Amongst them, a specific deubiquitinase called ubiquitin-specific peptidase 22 (USP22) was selectively and progressively overexpressed with PCa progression. Subsequently, it was shown to regulate androgen receptors and Myc, the two most important regulators of PCa progression. Furthermore, USP22 has been shown to be associated with the development of therapy resistant PCa. Inhibiting USP22 was also found to be therapeutically advantageous, especially in clinically challenging and advanced PCa. This review provides an update of USP22 related functions and challenges associated with PCa research and explains why targeting this axis is beneficial for PCa relapse cases.Item Quantitative Estimation of Some Essential Minerals of Gymnema sylvestre as a Potential Herb in Counteracting Complications of Diabetes(International Journal of Research Studies in Bioscience, 2025-01-04) Dey, Purnima; Khaled, Kazi LaylaPeople who are suffering from diabetes mellitus are at increased risk of developing a number of complications and glucose intolerance due to deficiency of certain minerals like Mg, Zn, Cr, Mn . Gymnema sylvestre is one such anti-hyperglycemic medicinal plant which is now popularized owing to lesser side effects and low cost compare to conventional drugs. The mineral contents of Gymnema sylvestre leaf was measured by means of Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy following AOAC method 985.01. The results of this study showed that the leaf contains a higher amount of minerals like Ca, Fe, Mg, Mn, Cu, Zn, Ni, Se, Mo, Cr which are 1580 mg, 19.26mg, 604.8mg, 74.1mg, 13.22 mg, 24.02 mg, 2.36 mg, 0.12mg, 0.230mg, 0.071mg respectively per 100gm leaf . Both from laboratory study and review it may be concluded that high mineral content of Gymnema sylvestre may be proved to be beneficial in controlling diabetes related complications like trace minerals deficiency and glucose intolerance.Item A GLIMPSE ON Baccaurea accaurea ramiflora, ramiflora, A LESS APPEALING, UNDERUTILIZED MEDICINAL PLANT OF WEST WEST-BENGAL (AN EXTENSIVE REVIEW)(INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CURRENT RESEARCH, 2025-01-04) Dey, Purnima; Pal, ImanaBaccaurea ramiflora Lour. syn. Baccaurea sapida (Roxb.) Muell. Arg locally known as Latkan or Anshfol is a versatile though underexploited plant with number of health benefits. In West Bengal the fruit plant is grown mainly in homestead condition. It is a mild acidic fruit and mainly consumed fresh. This extensive extensive review encompasses all the available literature with respect to habitat, physical characteristics, ethenomedicinal and traditional uses, physiochemi physiochemical and nutritional composition, active constituents ,therapeutic role which helps to put a glimpse on this underutilized less appealing medicinal plant of West-Bengal.Item An Extensive Review on Allium ampeloprasum A Magical Herb(International Journal of Science and Research, 2025-01-04) Dey, Purnima; Khaled, Kazi LaylaAllium vegetable has been used as folk medicine since ancient times. Allium genus has over 600 members which differ in maturing, color and taste; however, they are similar in biochemical content. Allium ampeloprasum, is a monocotyledon plant of the lily family (Liliaceae) and belongs to the genus Allium. It has a characteristic taste and morphological features, making it to be considered as one of the popular herbal medicine. A scrutiny of literature revealed some notable pharmacological activities of the plant such as antidiabetic, hypolipidaemic, antimicrobial, free radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory role. This review attempts to encompass the available literature on Allium ampeloprasum with respect to its pharmacognostic characters, ethanobotanical and traditional uses, chemical constituents and summary of its various pharmacological activities and clinical effectsItem A Review on Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) Seed(International Journal of Science and Researc, 2025-01-04) Pal, Imana; Dey, PurnimaNelumbo nucifera or lotus seeds are edible and have been used as a traditional medicine since ages for curing various diseases. The longevity of lotus seed is unique. Researches revealed that it has hepatoprotective, hypoglycemic, immunomodulatory, antianalgesic, antiperkinsonian, antifertility, antidermatophytic, psychopharmacological properties. It can be used as low cost protein and energy supplement. Lotus seed oil is also useful. It is used in different cuisines. This review attempts to cover all the available literature on the seeds of Nelumbo nucifera with respect to its traditional uses, chemical constituents, physicochemical properties, phytoconstituents and summing up of its various physiological, psychological and therapeutic benefits.Item Deubiquitination in prostate cancer progression: role of USP22(Journal of Cancer Metastasis and Treatment, 2024) Nag, Nivedita; Dutta, SamikshanProstate cancer (PCa) is the leading cause of cancer death in men. With more therapeutic modalities available, the overall survival in PCa has increased significantly in recent years. Patients with relapses after advanced second- generation anti-androgen therapy however, often show poor disease prognosis. This group of patients often die from cancer-related complicacies. Multiple approaches have been taken to understand disease recurrence and to correlate the gene expression profile. In one such study, an 11-gene signature was identified to be associated with PCa recurrence and poor survival. Amongst them, a specific deubiquitinase called ubiquitin-specific peptidase 22 (USP22) was selectively and progressively overexpressed with PCa progression. Subsequently, it was shown to regulate androgen receptors and Myc, the two most important regulators of PCa progression. Furthermore, USP22 has been shown to be associated with the development of therapy resistant PCa. Inhibiting USP22 was also found to be therapeutically advantageous, especially in clinically challenging and advanced PCa. This review provides an update of USP22 related functions and challenges associated with PCa research and explains why targeting this axis is beneficial for PCa relapse cases.